The concepts of competition and collaboration between agents as central characteristics of the economy in both theory and practice, have been applied in this article in order to analyze the relations between computer-mathematical models. Just as competition and cooperation serve as structure-forming characteristics in the interactions between economic systems, competition and collaboration of models structure the model space and determine possibilities and methods for their integration. The dominance of competitive relations between equal-level and hierarchically dependent economic systems provokes the risk of economic disorganization and creates the preconditions for its instability. The dominance of cooperative relationships, in turn, can lead to a decrease in the level of innovation in the economy and a slowdown in scientific and technological progress. The correspondence between the multitude of economic system types represented by object, process, project, and environmental systems, and the multitude of classes of the most common computer-mathematical models represented by agent-based, econometric, cognitive, and equilibrium models, enables the development of a unified theory of competitive and cooperative relationships. On this basis, the method for constructing complex models of economic systems has been proposed in this paper. Such a model combines agent-based, econometric, cognitive, and equilibrium models, describing the functioning of an integrated economic system from different perspectives. A sequence of modeling stages has been presented. It concretizes the concept of model construction, known as the concept of evidence-based modeling. It has been s shown that the intense competitive relationships between agent-based and econometric models of a given economic system can be harmonized by incorporating these models into a tetrad – a complex of models from four classes, in which the interaction of the models occurs according to the ring scheme "agent-based model – equilibrium model – econometric model – cognitive model". The proposed method can be used while solving practical issues of constructing complex models of economic systems.

The article explores data as a key source of market power for digital platforms and as an independent object of antitrust analysis. It also examines the role of data as a factor in shaping the dominant position of digital platforms and their use in anti-competitive practices. Against the backdrop of Russia’s Fifth Antimonopoly Package in 2023, which takes into account network effects, market share, and revenue, it is shown that control over data is not singled out as a separate criterion for dominance in Russia. In contrast, in the EU, the US, and China, control over data is recognized as a key element of market power. The theoretical framework relies on the concept of "data feedback loops": as the user base grows and more comprehensive data sets are collected, the quality of services, personalization, and monetization improve, thereby strengthening network effects and entry barriers. Competition policy in the digital economy is shifting from controlling prices and output to regulating the circulation of and access to data. Based on the analysis of antitrust authorities’ decisions, the article examines the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of data – such as relevance, irreplaceability, timeliness, processability, and potential for commercial monetization. Special attention is given to the use of data in monopolistic practices, including the cross-merging of personal data for advertising, the use of business users closed commercial data, restrictions on access to one’s own data and interoperability, as well as algorithmic and price discrimination. The article concludes that data have become a strategic resource determining competitiveness and market entry barriers in digital markets. Russian antitrust regulation, therefore, needs to adapt to new forms of market power based on control over information.

This study outlines key marketing concepts based on the use of sensory elements to develop individual competitive advantages. Multisensory packaging elements perceived by consumers through tactile sensations are characterized. The aim of the experiment was to determine the impact of multisensory packaging elements, determined by human tactile receptors, on the overall perception of container design and brand recognition. The experiment established the influence of embossed elements applied to glass containers, which facilitate brand identification. Design decisions regarding the shape of glass beverage containers were found to have a positive impact on overall judgment during a blind evaluation of a natural object. The impact of visualization of glass beverage containers was assessed, taking into account design elements determined only by human vision. Calculations were made of changes in overall design perception when visualizing the test objects. An assessment was conducted of the sensory memory developed by test subjects under the influence of multisensory packaging elements, determined during tactile and visual testing. The level of qualitative memorization of the object was determined based on the assessment of memory formed under the influence of emotions elicited during an impersonal and visual testing. This study has practical applications in developing product packaging concepts and shaping a brand's competitive advantages.

This article is dedicated to the analysis of reputational risks and comprehensive management of a company's reputational risks. The presented paper provides an overview of research in the field of corporate reputation and reputational risk management. The authors detail the main stages of the reputational risk assessment process, features of risk profile development, systematize the factors determining the reputational risk profile and mitigation strategies, as well as monitoring tools and the peculiarities of managing reputational crises. In this study, the reputational capital of the consulting firm Positive Consulting LLC was evaluated using the net present value method, and the effectiveness of investments in the company's reputational capital was assessed. The core of the approach involves discounting the cash flow from investments in reputational capital, followed by the creation of a sensitivity analysis matrix based on two parameters: the volume of goods or services produced and the price. At an equilibrium revenue level – i. e., with unchanged prices and production volumes – the additional revenue generated as a result of investments in reputational capital is considered. Reputational capital provides high returns. The research presents a unique methodology that offers precise analytics and recommendations, aiding in making informed and justified decisions to improve corporate reputation and protect the company's image in the context of modern information society. Through multi-parameter sensitivity analysis, the decline of key indicators affecting revenue is examined alongside reputational risks. The focus is on defining risk threshold values, i. e., establishing the permissible limits of reputational risk, the exceeding of which threatens the company or project. The consulting agency Positive Consulting LLC applied this methodology to reassess its approach to reputational risk management, which subsequently allowed for cost reduction, increased profitability, and enhanced business stability. The results convincingly demonstrate that the developed approach deserves broad implementation in corporate governance and risk management practices. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that there are limits to the reduction of key indicators (price and production volume) that influence reputational capital.

The article examines the competitive environment in regulated public procurement markets in the Far Eastern Federal District for the period 2020–2024. The study’s relevance stems from the Russian government’s strategic focus on developing the Far East and the critical role of procurement as a tool for stimulating regional economic growth. Unlike nationwide overviews, this paper presents the first comprehensive comparative analysis of procurement markets under Federal Laws no. 44-FZ and 223-FZ specifically in the context of the Far East’s unique conditions. Using statistical analysis of data from the Unified Information System, the authors identify structural challenges: a 17% decline in the number of active suppliers over five years, rising market concentration (the share of the top 100 suppliers increased from 20 to 29%), and significant interregional disparities in competition levels. The 44-FZ market shows a steady decline in competition, while the 223-FZ market demonstrates increasing competition despite falling procurement volumes. A regional-industry “competition map” is developed, revealing chronically low-competition niches and an anomalously high share of wins by external suppliers in state-owned companies’ 223-FZ procurements. Based on these findings, practical recommendations are proposed for suppliers (hyper-specialization, cooperation, cross-regional expansion) and state support measures (lot decomposition, regional preferences, competence centers), drawing on international SME support practices. The study holds both theoretical value (advancing understanding of regional competition in public procurement) and practical relevance for public authorities, contracting entities, and small and medium-sized enterprises.

The article reveals the main trends in the dynamics of economic growth in the European Union countries. The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics of economic growth in the EU countries against the background of economic rivalry and the redistribution of world markets between the main economic actors – Europe, the United States and China. The dynamics of the economic growth indicators of the EU countries is considered in conjunction with the analysis of the target indicators of the EU economic strategies. The data is studied using the method of macroeconomic and political economic analysis. The article outlines the economic trends of 2018–2025. In European countries, taking into account the autumn forecast of the European Commission for 2025 for a three-year period. The macroeconomic indicators of European countries show the multidirectional dynamics of macroeconomic parameters with similar economic policy instruments in the EU Strategies. The main factor influencing the technical recession in the leading European countries is the structural transformation of the economy due to the redistribution of control in the main world markets, the reorientation of the leading European countries from the production of peaceful products to products of the military-industrial complex. Economic trends and dynamics of macroeconomic indicators in European countries can be taken as the basis for research on economic patterns of development, taking into account the subjective factors of economic policy reflected in EU Strategies and the development of public policy instruments. The reason for the economic well-being of European countries is the long-term dominance on the world stage in the postcolonial regime, but geopolitical problems and the growing sanctions confrontation negatively affect macroeconomic dynamics. The insignificant economic growth of European countries and the economic recession in Germany are closely related to the structural restructuring of the EU economy under the influence of exogenous factors. The redistribution of commodity and energy markets between the countries of Europe, China and the United States aims to create conditions for the dominance of European countries in the next technological order.

The relevance and importance of considering the managerial factor of competitiveness in the field of entrepreneurial education is due to the objective request of stakeholders to improve the quality of entrepreneurial education, in particular, ordinary citizens – possible future or novice entrepreneurs, their environment, government authorities who understand the need for professional solutions to entrepreneurial tasks in various fields for the integrated development of the country, as well as the business community of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to identify the influence of the managerial factor on the competitiveness of the university in the process of entrepreneurship education. The subject of the research is a model of managing the competitiveness of higher education institutions in the field of entrepreneurship education. The article presents a model for managing the competitiveness of Russian universities implementing entrepreneurship programs. Based on the use of methods of deduction, induction, synthesis and the case method, the features of this model are revealed, which include the distribution and consolidation of key rights and responsibilities for the training of competitive graduates for departments focused on the formation of professional entrepreneurial competencies, ensuring dissipativity in interaction with the external business environment and the constructive influence of the model on managed objects. The model also highlights such features as the democratic nature of functional intra-university communications and the subordination of the organizational and distribution structure of universities and their resource capabilities to this need. Special attention is paid to the process of implementation by universities of the Russian Federation of this model with a step-by-step algorithm of actions. It is concluded that the competitiveness management model of universities implementing entrepreneurship programs is becoming one of the main factors in the effective implementation of educational entrepreneurship programs aimed by universities in the Russian Federation at producing competitive specialists who are ready for entrepreneurial activity on a professional basis.

Ensuring high quality education is at the core of implementing a responsible approach to studing professional entrepreneurs. The article reveals the multifaceted nature of the implementation of this task and provides an analysis of management initiatives on the part of the faculty responsible for training entrepreneurs using the example of Synergy University. To present the theoretical and practical significance of the conducted research, the author proposes to use a multi-instrumental approach to managing the quality of entrepreneurship education. Management activities at the faculty within the framework of training entrepreneurs are revealed through the analysis of individual tools of planning, organization, motivation and control. The author's proposed approach is based on a competency-based model of entrepreneurship education, as well as professional standards and socioeconomic expectations. A conclusion is presented on the effectiveness of using elements of a multi-tool approach and its prospects. Recommendations are provided for universities engaged in entrepreneurship education in terms of implementing management initiatives for high-quality education in the paradigm of a responsible approach in a competitive environment.