Ecological Expediency and Economic Problems of the Fuel Transition of Cars

The vehicle fuel market are of high interest to many actors. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively identify the environmental feasibility and existing economic problems in the distribution of certain automobile fuels, to identify the fuel transition stakeholders and their influence on ongoing structural changes in the market. The study uses statistical data on the popularity of vehicles and certain fuels, as well as accounting and stock indicators of car manufacturers. Econometric methods, methods of financial statistics were used; regulatory impact analysis and content analysis of regulatory legal acts were carried out. In the course of the work, consumer, environmental and economic characteristics of different types of automobile fuel are systematized. It is shown that the prevalence of both more and less environmentally friendly fuels, both in the past and in the present, is explained primarily by the dominant economic interests of the actors rather than environmental ones. The complexity of coordination of interests in the fuel sphere and the gradual limitation of the possibility of opportunistic influence on the market of coalitions of interests are revealed. The directions of environmental standards adjustment for transport, measures and tools to increase the popularity of certain alternative fuels and reduce the exploitation of personal cars are proposed, with special attention paid to the specifics of the Russian market. The novelty of the study are the definition of environmental feasibility, distribution trends and existing problems associated with automotive fuels, taking into account a broad retrospective, natural and climatic and socio-economic characteristics of countries. Theoretical significance lies in identifying the role of environmental and economic interests in the past and ongoing fuel transitions. Of practical value are recommendations for solving existing environmental problems and ensuring the fuel transition in the world and the Russia, in particular.

1. Freeman R. E. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. - Boston: Harpercollins College Div, 1984. - 275 p.

2. Mustățea M., Pătru-Stupariu I. Using Landscape Change Analysis and Stakeholder Perspective to Identify Driving Forces of Human-Wildlife Interactions // Land. 2021. Vol. 10. No. 146. P. 1-22. DOI: 10.3390/land10020146.

3. Lin C. L. Evaluating the urban sustainable development strategies and common suited paths considering various stakeholders // Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2022 (in press). DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-02021-8.

4. Waligo V. M., Clarke J., Hawkins R. Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework // Tourism Management. 2013. Vol. 36. P. 342-353. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.008.

5. Wu Q., Wu C.-Y., Lu T. Study on the stakeholders of energy system in China // 2008 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering 15th Annual Conference Proceedings, 2008. P. 1524-1530. DOI: 10.1109/ ICMSE.2008.4669107.

6. Blum W. E. H., Varallyay G. Soil indicators and their practical application, bridging between science, politics and decision making // ISCO 2004 final program & abstract book: 13th International Soil Conservation Organization Conference: conserving soil and water for society: sharing solutions. 2004. Article 202. P. 1-5.

7. Voinov A., Bousquet F. Modelling with stakeholders // Environmental Modelling and Software. 2010. Vol. 25. No. 11. P. 1268-1281. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.03.007.

8. Kacperski C., Vogel T., Kutzner F. Ambivalence in Stakeholders' Views on Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. - In: HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems. Automated Driving and In-Vehicle Experience Design. HCII 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Springer, 2020. Vol. 12212. P. 46-57. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50523-3_4.

9. Costa E., Horta A., Correia A. et al. Diffusion of electric vehicles in Brazil from the stakeholders' perspective // International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2021. Vol. 15. No. 11. P. 865-878. DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2020.1827317.

10. Bakker S., Maat K., van Wee B. Stakeholders interests, expectations, and strategies regarding the development and implementation of electric vehicles: The case of the Netherlands // Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2014. Vol. 66. No. 1. P. 52-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2014.04.018.

11. Chaturvedi B. K., Nautiyal A., Kandpal T. C., Yaqoot M. Projected transition to electric vehicles in India and its impact on stakeholders // Energy for Sustainable Development. 2022. Vol. 66. P. 189-200. DOI: 10.1016/j. esd.2021.12.006.

12. Sahoo D., Harichandan S., Kar S. K., Sreejesh S. An empirical study on consumer motives and attitude towards adoption of electric vehicles in India: Policy implications for stakeholders // Energy Policy. 2022. Vol. 165. Article 112941. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112941.

13. Santos G., Davies H. Incentives for quick penetration of electric vehicles in five European countries: Perceptions from experts and stakeholders // Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2020. Vol. 137. P. 326-342. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2018.10.034.

14. Савосько О. В. Сравнительная оценка использования альтернативных источников энергии // Вестник Федерального государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный агроинженерный университет имени В. П. Горячкина". 2013. № 3 (59). С. 111-116.

15. Ghadikolaei M. A., Wong P. K., Cheung C. S. et al. Why is the world not yet ready to use alternative fuel vehicles? // Heliyon. 2021. Vol. 7. No. 7. P. 1-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07527.

16. Carolan M. S. Ethanol versus Gasoline: The Contestation and Closure of a Socio-technical System in the USA // Social Studies of Science. 2009. Vol. 39. No. 3. P. 421-448. DOI: 10.1177/0306312708101049.

17. Kovarik B. Henry Ford, Charles Kettering and the fuel of the future // Automotive History Review. 1998. Vol. 32. P. 7-27.

18. Fosdick R. B. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.: A Portrait. - New York: Harper and Brothers, 1956. - 477 p.

19. Rosillo Calle F., Walter A. Global market for bioethanol: historical trends and future prospects // Energy for Sustainable Development. 2006. Vol. 10. No. 1. P. 20-32. DOI: 10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60504-9.

20. Patterson C. C. Contaminated and Natural Lead Environments of Man // Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal. 1965. Vol. 11. No. 3. P. 344-360. DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1965.10664229.

21. Szlugaj J., Radwanek-Bąk B. Lithium sources and their current use // Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management. 2022. Vol. 38. No. 1. P. 61-87. DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140613.

22. Banza Lubaba Nkulu C., Casas L., Haufroid V. et al. Sustainability of artisanal mining of cobalt in DR Congo // Nature Sustainability. 2018. Vol. 1. No. 9. P. 495-504. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-018-0139-4.

23. Song Y., Peng R., Hensley D. K., Bonnesen P. V. et al. High-Selectivity Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Ethanol using a Copper Nanoparticle/N-Doped Graphene Electrode // ChemistrySelect. 2016. Vol. 1. No. 19. P. 6055-6061. DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601169.

24. Каргинова-Губинова В. В. Причинно-следственная связь экологических и финансовых показателей российских промышленных компаний // Мир экономики и управления. 2021. Т. 21. № 3. C. 70-88. DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2021-21-3-70-88

25. Лушникова М. Российские компании готовы делать биотопливо только на экспорт [Электронный ресурс] // Агротехника и технологии. 2007. № 2. URL: https://www.agroinvestor.ru/analytics/article/14686-a-nam-ono-nado/(дата обращения: 01.09.2022).