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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная конкуренция / Journal of Modern Competition</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Modern Competition</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-7598</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0657</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский университет «Синергия»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37791/2687-0657-2022-16-2-34-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NBDPEL</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">moco-974</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биржевые рынки энергоресурсов в России: защита от шоков или монополий?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Energy Commodity Exchanges in Russia: Protection Against Shocks or Monopolies?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курдин</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurdin</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aakurdin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломиец</surname><given-names>Александра Романовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomiets</surname><given-names>Alexandra R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alexsandrasotnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова; Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации; Аналитический центр при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова; Аналитический центр при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Курдин А., Коломиец А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курдин А., Коломиец А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurdin A., Kolomiets A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/974">https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/974</self-uri><abstract><p>Одним из основных направлений конкурентной политики на российских рынках энергоносителей является развитие биржевой торговли. Она действительно имеет ряд проконкурентных эффектов, связанных со снижением рыночных трансакционных издержек и с затруднением манипулирования ценами. Эти эффекты, в свою очередь, способствуют менее болезненному преодолению экономических шоков и дисбалансов, что приобретает особую важность на фоне кризисных обстоятельств 2020 и 2022 годов. Однако биржевая торговля сопряжена с рисками и ограничениями, в частности при недостатке ликвидности, избыточной концентрации или злоупотреблении доминирующим положением в условиях слабого регулирования. В работе проводится эмпирический анализ структурных и ценовых характеристик биржевых рынков газа и дизельного топлива на Санкт-Петербургской международной товарно-сырьевой бирже. Показано, что на рынках газа избыточная концентрация негативно сказывается на стабильности цен и ликвидности биржевых торгов - развитие данного сегмента торгов требует более активного вовлечения независимых поставщиков. В то же время это вовлечение должно осуществляться не директивными мерами, а расширением возможностей, предоставляемых биржей. На рынках дизельного топлива зависимость является более сложной - требуется продолжать политику поддержки необходимого объема ликвидности при одновременном повышении привлекательности условий торговли для различных групп участников рынка. Таким образом, механизмы развития биржевой политики могут зависеть от конкретного рынка и меняться по мере его эволюции. В то же время предлагается избегать дискреционных антикризисных мер, повышающих неопределенность на энергетических биржах и снижающих стимулы к их развитию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development of commodity exchanges is promoted as one of main competition policy directions in Russian energy markets. Exchange trade has a number of procompetitive effects based on reduction of market transaction costs, as well as on prevention of price manipulations. Those effects in their turn contribute to less painful coping with economic shocks and imbalances, which acquires a special importance amid crisis circumstances of 2020 and 2022. However, exchange trade is connected with its own risks and constraints, in particular under the shortage of liquidity, excessive market concentration or abusive practices supported by a weak regulation. This paper contains the empirical analysis of the dependence between structural and pricing indicators in the markets for natural gas and diesel fuel on Saint-Petersburg International Mercantile Exchange. It is discovered that the excessive concentration in natural gas markets negatively affects price stability and market liquidity - development of this trading segment requires more active involvement of independent suppliers. At the same time, this involvement should be realized not by directive measures but by additional opportunities of exchange trade. This dependence is more complicated in markets for diesel fuel - it is necessary to continue the policy of supporting the volume of liquidity while increasing the attractiveness of the trading conditions for different groups of market participants. As such, there should be different policies to promote commodity exchanges developments in different markets, and those policies may change follow market evolution. At the same time, discretionary anti-crisis measures should be avoided, if they increase uncertainty on commodity exchanges and lower incentives for their development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефтепродукты</kwd><kwd>природный газ</kwd><kwd>биржа</kwd><kwd>товарная биржа</kwd><kwd>сырьевые товары</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>petroleum products</kwd><kwd>natural gas</kwd><kwd>exchange</kwd><kwd>commodity exchange</kwd><kwd>commodities</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макарова Ю. В. Эволюция контрактных отношений на рынке СПГ как фактор повышения конкурентоспособности сектора // Современная конкуренция. 2018. Т. 12. № 2-3 (68-69). С. 132-143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Макарова Ю. В. 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