Despite the seemingly good macroeconomic indicators, the Russian economic development has been hampered recently by the serious barriers created by the economic policy-makers. The competitiveness level of the Russian economy is still going in downswing. One of the reasons for the plunging is the fact that the excess profits gained from the natural resources exports were hardly ever used to modernize the economy. Our magazine publishes some fragments from a report made by S. Glazyev, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the National Development Institute. The report was made at the Russian Social and Economic Development Strategy in the Context of Globalization workshop held to mark the 10th anniversary of the National Development Institute which is part of the Social Sciences Directorate of the Russian Academy of Sciences.