<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная конкуренция / Journal of Modern Competition</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Modern Competition</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-7598</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0657</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский университет «Синергия»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">YNJNYD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">moco-779</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ценовой параллелизм на рынках мобильной связи: три интерпретации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Price Parallelism on Mobile Communication Markets: Three Interpretations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаститко</surname><given-names>А.А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shastitko</surname><given-names>A.A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">shastitko-aa@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаститко</surname><given-names>А.Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shastitko</surname><given-names>A.E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aeshastitko@econ.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Н.С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pavlova-ns@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр исследований конкуренции и экономического регулирования ИПЭИ РАНХиГС</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RANEPA, MSU</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр исследований конкуренции и экономического регулирования ИПЭИ РАНХиГС; МГУ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RANEPA, MSU</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаститко А., Шаститко А., Павлова Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаститко А., Шаститко А., Павлова Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shastitko A., Shastitko A., Pavlova N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/779">https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/779</self-uri><abstract><p>Ценовой параллелизм сам по себе не является нарушением антимонопольного законодательства. Однако на рынках мобильной связи он дополняется особенностями характеристик товара и отраслевого регулирования таким образом, что в результате часто привлекает внимание антимонопольных органов как признак ограничивающих конкуренцию согласованных действий (или соглашений). В статье показано, что существующие в законе нормы, описывающие критерии отнесения действий к согласованным, базируются на экономических моделях, которые зачастую не учитывают некоторых реальных характеристик рынка, продавцов и покупателей. В результате те же наблюдаемые действия могут иметь альтернативные интерпретации, не подразумевающие какой бы то ни было согласованности между участниками рынка. Статья предлагает три таких альтернативных интерпретации: через расхождение между ожидаемым и фактическим объемом потребления услуг, с позиций «новой теории потребительского спроса» и с позиций поведенческой экономики. Для принятия решения о наличии нарушения данные гипотезы о причинах параллельного поведения должны быть опровергнуты с достаточной степенью точности, в противном случае существует высокий риск ошибок правоприменения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Price parallelism in itself is not a violation of antitrust law. However, in the mobile communication market, it is complemented by features of product characteristics and industry regulation in such a way that, as a result, it often attracts the attention of antitrust authorities as a sign of concerted actions (or agreements) restricting competition. The article shows that the existing norms in the law that describe the criteria for classifying concerted actions are based on economic models that often do not take into account some real features of the market and of the sellers and buyers. As a result, the same observable practices may have alternative interpretations that do not imply any kind of coordination between market participants. The article offers three such alternative interpretations: through the discrepancy between the expected and actual volume of service consumption, from the standpoint of the «new theory of consumer demand» and from the behavioral economics standpoint. To make a decision about the existence of a violation, these hypotheses concerning the causes of parallel behavior must be disproved with a sufficient degree of accuracy, otherwise there is a high risk of law enforcement errors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антимонопольное регулирование</kwd><kwd>ценовой параллелизм</kwd><kwd>согласованные действия</kwd><kwd>сговор</kwd><kwd>рынок мобильной связи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antitrust regulation</kwd><kwd>price parallelism</kwd><kwd>concerted actions</kwd><kwd>collusion</kwd><kwd>mobile communication market</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдашева С. Б., Голованова С. В., Шаститко А. Е. Конкурентная политика в период кризиса // Вопросы экономики. 2009. № 3. С. 54-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Авдашева С. Б., Голованова С. В., Шаститко А. Е. Конкурентная политика в период кризиса // Вопросы экономики. 2009. № 3. С. 54-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдашева С. Б., Калмычкова Е. Н., Шаститко А. Е. Экономические основы антимонопольной политики: российская практика в контексте мирового опыта (Лекционные и методические материалы) // Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2007. № 11 (2). С. 234-270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Авдашева С. Б., Калмычкова Е. Н., Шаститко А. Е. Экономические основы антимонопольной политики: российская практика в контексте мирового опыта (Лекционные и методические материалы) // Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2007. № 11 (2). С. 234-270.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдашева С. Б., Шаститко А. Е. Уголовное преследование за нарушение антимонопольного законодательства: возможности и риски // Экономическая политика. 2009. № 5. С. 93-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Авдашева С. Б., Шаститко А. Е. Уголовное преследование за нарушение антимонопольного законодательства: возможности и риски // Экономическая политика. 2009. № 5. С. 93-98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коуз Р. Фирма, рынок и право. М.: Дело. 1993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Коуз Р. Фирма, рынок и право. М.: Дело. 1993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаститко А. Е. Экономико-правовые аспекты коллективного доминирования // Экономическая политика. 2011. № 3. С. 167-191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шаститко А. Е. Экономико-правовые аспекты коллективного доминирования // Экономическая политика. 2011. № 3. С. 167-191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper P. The Begrudging Index and the subjective Value of Money / in Pricing Strategy, Taylor, B., Wills, 0., eds. London: Staples Press, Ltd, 1969. Р. 122-131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper P. The Begrudging Index and the subjective Value of Money / in Pricing Strategy, Taylor, B., Wills, 0., eds. London: Staples Press, Ltd, 1969. Р. 122-131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dodds W. B., Monroe K. B., Orewal D. Effects of Price, Brand, and Store Information on Buyers' Product Evaluations // Journal of Marketing Research. 1991. Vol. 28. No. 3. Р. 307-319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dodds W. B., Monroe K. B., Orewal D. Effects of Price, Brand, and Store Information on Buyers' Product Evaluations // Journal of Marketing Research. 1991. Vol. 28. No. 3. Р. 307-319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orewal D., Monroe K. B., Krishnan R. The Effects of Price-Comparison Advertising on Buyers' Perceptions of Acquisition Value, Transaction Value, and Behavioral Intentions // Journal of Marketing. 1998. Vol. 62. No. 2. Р. 46-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orewal D., Monroe K. B., Krishnan R. The Effects of Price-Comparison Advertising on Buyers' Perceptions of Acquisition Value, Transaction Value, and Behavioral Intentions // Journal of Marketing. 1998. Vol. 62. No. 2. Р. 46-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hendler R. Lancaster's New Approach to Consumer Demand and Its Limitations // The American Economic Review. 1975. Vol. 65. No. 1. Pp. 194-199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hendler R. Lancaster's New Approach to Consumer Demand and Its Limitations // The American Economic Review. 1975. Vol. 65. No. 1. Pp. 194-199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovacic W. E., Marshall R. C., Marx L. M., White Jr., Halbert L. Plus Factors and Agreement in Antitrust Law // Michigan Law Review. 2011. Vol. 110. No. 3. Р. 393-436.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovacic W. E., Marshall R. C., Marx L. M., White Jr., Halbert L. Plus Factors and Agreement in Antitrust Law // Michigan Law Review. 2011. Vol. 110. No. 3. Р. 393-436.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lancaster K. A New Approach to Consumer Theory // Journal of Political Economy. 1966a. Vol. 74. No. 2. P. 132-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lancaster K. A New Approach to Consumer Theory // Journal of Political Economy. 1966a. Vol. 74. No. 2. P. 132-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lancaster K. Change and Innovation in the Technology of Consumption // American Economic Review. 1966b. Vol. 56. Р. 14-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lancaster K. Change and Innovation in the Technology of Consumption // American Economic Review. 1966b. Vol. 56. Р. 14-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lancaster K. Consumer Demand: A New Approach. New York, 1971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lancaster K. Consumer Demand: A New Approach. New York, 1971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mellers B. A., Biagini K. Similarity and Choice // Psychological Review. 1994. Vol. 101. No. 3. Р. 505-518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mellers B. A., Biagini K. Similarity and Choice // Psychological Review. 1994. Vol. 101. No. 3. Р. 505-518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Page W. H. Twombly and communication: the emerging definition of concerted action under the new pleading standards // Journal of Competition Law &amp; Economics. 2009. Vol. 5. No. 3. Р. 439-468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Page W. H. Twombly and communication: the emerging definition of concerted action under the new pleading standards // Journal of Competition Law &amp; Economics. 2009. Vol. 5. No. 3. Р. 439-468.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao A. R., Monroe K. B. The Effect of Price, Brand Name, and Store Name on Buyers' Subjective Product Assessment: Integrative Review // Journal of Marketing Research. 1989. Vol. 26. No. 3. Р. 351-357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao A. R., Monroe K. B. The Effect of Price, Brand Name, and Store Name on Buyers' Subjective Product Assessment: Integrative Review // Journal of Marketing Research. 1989. Vol. 26. No. 3. Р. 351-357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao A. R., Monroe K. B. The Moderating-Effect of Prior Knowledge on Cue Utilization in Product Evaluations // Journal of Consumer Research. 1988. Vol. 15. No. 2. Р. 253-264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao A. R., Monroe K. B. The Moderating-Effect of Prior Knowledge on Cue Utilization in Product Evaluations // Journal of Consumer Research. 1988. Vol. 15. No. 2. Р. 253-264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rieskamp L., Busemeyer J. R., Mellers B. A. Extending the Bounds of Rationality: Evidence and Theories of Preferential Choice // Journal of Economic Literature. 2006. Vol. 44. No. 3. Р. 631-661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rieskamp L., Busemeyer J. R., Mellers B. A. Extending the Bounds of Rationality: Evidence and Theories of Preferential Choice // Journal of Economic Literature. 2006. Vol. 44. No. 3. Р. 631-661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rieskamp J., Hoffrage U. When Do People Use Simple Heuristics, and How Can We Tell? / In Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart, ed. 0igerenzer, 0., Todd, P. M., and the ABC Research 0roup. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999. P. 141 - P7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rieskamp J., Hoffrage U. When Do People Use Simple Heuristics, and How Can We Tell? / In Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart, ed. 0igerenzer, 0., Todd, P. M., and the ABC Research 0roup. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999. P. 141 - P7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scitovszky T. Some Consequences of the Habit of Judging Quality by Price // Review of Economic Studies. 1945. Vol. 12. P. 100-105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scitovszky T. Some Consequences of the Habit of Judging Quality by Price // Review of Economic Studies. 1945. Vol. 12. P. 100-105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simonson I. Choice Based on Reasons: The Case of Attraction and Compromise Effects // Journal of Consumer Research. 1989. Vol. 16. No. 2. P. 158-174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simonson I. Choice Based on Reasons: The Case of Attraction and Compromise Effects // Journal of Consumer Research. 1989. Vol. 16. No. 2. P. 158-174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tversky A., Simonson I. Context Dependent Preferences // Management Science. 1993. Vol. 39. No. 10. P. 1179-1189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tversky A., Simonson I. Context Dependent Preferences // Management Science. 1993. Vol. 39. No. 10. P. 1179-1189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Werden O. J. Economic evidence on the existence of collusion: reconciling antitrust law // Antitrust Law Journal. 2004. Vol. 71. No. 3. P. 719-800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Werden O. J. Economic evidence on the existence of collusion: reconciling antitrust law // Antitrust Law Journal. 2004. Vol. 71. No. 3. P. 719-800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
