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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная конкуренция / Journal of Modern Competition</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Modern Competition</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-7598</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0657</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский университет «Синергия»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37791/2687-0657-2024-18-4-65-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">moco-57</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Цифровая трансформация бизнеса</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Digital business transformation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Деглобализация интернета: миф или реальность?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Deglobalization of the Internet: Myth or Reality?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-069X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаститко</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shastitko</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаститко Андрей Евгеньевич, докт. экон. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой конкурентной и промышленной политики; директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey E. Shastitko, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Chair of Competition and Industrial Policy Department; Director</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aes99@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-4086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Наталья Сергеевна, канд. экон. наук, доцент, кафедра конкурентной и промышленной политики; старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia S. Pavlova, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor, Competition and Industrial Policy Department; Senior Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavl.ns@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова; Центр исследований конкуренции и экономического регулирования РАНХиГС</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; Center for Research in Competition and Economic Regulation Studies RANEPA</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаститко А.Е., Павлова Н.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаститко А.Е., Павлова Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shastitko A.E., Pavlova N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/57">https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/57</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье показано, что наряду с техническими ограничениями доступа к интернет-ресурсам по всему миру, в том числе вследствие применения геоблокинга, появились новые факторы деглобализации, связанные с распространением цифровых платформ и возникновением цифровых экосистем. Действие этих факторов основано на эксплуатации ограниченной рациональности пользователей платформ и на трудностях решения проблемы коллективных действий пользователей, в совокупности создающих новые издержки переключения и препятствующие развитию конкуренции. В качестве методологической базы исследования используются подходы новой институциональной экономической теории и теории отраслевых рынков. Описаны основные стратегии лидеров экосистем по повышению издержек переключения пользователей и «запиранию» их в экосистеме: от менее опасных с точки зрения ограничения конкуренции стратегий, таких как системы рекомендаций или бонусные программы, до более опасных, в частности предотвращения инноваций, которые позволяли бы облегчать мультихоуминг или переключение между экосистемами. В статье продемонстрировано, как традиционные теории вреда, применяемые в антитрасте, могут быть использованы для объяснения «разделения» пользователей между экосистемами, и какие эффекты при этом не находят объяснения и нуждаются в дальнейшей теоретической проработке. В частности, проанализирована применимость концепций ограничения доступа к ресурсу и продаж связанных продуктов к анализу стратегий поведения экосистем. В качестве мер ex ante контроля рассмотрены новые подходы из зарубежных методических документов в сфере антитраста, касающихся анализа рынка и оценки слияний. Показано, что, несмотря на некоторые продвижения в практике, ряд вопросов остаются без ответа, в том числе на уровне теории. Статья может представлять интерес как для регулирующих органов, так и для антимонопольных экспертов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article shows that, along with technical restrictions on access to internet resources around the world, including due to the use of geo-blocking, new deglobalization factors have emerged associated with the spread of digital platforms and the creation of digital ecosystems. The effect of these factors is based on the exploitation of the bounded rationality of platform users and on the difficulties of solving the problem of collective actions of users, which together create new switching costs and impede the development of competition. The approaches of new institutional economic theory and theory of industrial organization are used as the methodological basis for the study. The main strategies of ecosystem leaders to increase the costs of switching for users and to “lock” them into the ecosystem are described: from strategies less dangerous for competition, such as recommendation systems or bonus programs, to more dangerous ones – in particular, strategies to prevent innovations that would make it easier to multihome or to switch between ecosystems. The article demonstrates how traditional theories of harm developed in antitrust can be used to explain the “sharing” of users between ecosystems, and what effects are unexplained and require further theoretical elaboration. In particular, the applicability of the concepts of input foreclosure and aftermarkets to the analysis of ecosystem behavior strategies is analyzed. New approaches from foreign methodological documents in the field of antitrust related to market analysis and merger assessment are considered as ex ante control measures. It is shown that, despite some progress in practice, a number of questions remain unanswered, including at the theoretical level. The article may be of interest to both regulatory authorities and antitrust experts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интернет</kwd><kwd>цифровые платформы</kwd><kwd>цифровые экосистемы</kwd><kwd>конкуренция</kwd><kwd>теория вреда</kwd><kwd>сетевые эффекты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Internet</kwd><kwd>digital platforms</kwd><kwd>digital ecosystems</kwd><kwd>competition</kwd><kwd>theory of harm</kwd><kwd>network effects</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдашева С. Б. 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