mocoСовременная конкуренция / Journal of Modern CompetitionJournal of Modern Competition1993-75982687-0657Московский университет «Синергия»10.37791/2687-0657-2023-17-6-112-127moco-42Research ArticleНаучная жизньScientific lifeСтенограмма семинара «Активизация применения конкурентного законодательства для преодоления отрицательных эффектов существенной рыночной власти в экосистемах цифровых платформ: альтернативные варианты, аргументы противоположных сторон»Transcript of the Seminar “Increasing Enforcement to Deal with Negative Consequences of Significant Market Power in Digital Ecosystems: Alternatives, Pros and Cons, Counterarguments”РедакционнаястатьяEditorialArticle202311082025176112127Copyright © Редакционная с., 20252025Редакционная с.Editorial a.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/42

Семинар посвящен альтернативным правовым решениям проблемы конкурентной политики в отношении цифровых платформ и их экосистем. Применение запретов на основании специфического для каждого дела экономического анализа (то, что называется effects-based analysis в Европейском Союзе и rule of reason в США) демонстрирует ограниченную эффективность изза слишком продолжительного процесса принятия решений. Доклад профессора Я. Катсулакоса, почетного профессора Университета экономики и бизнеса г. Афины, почетного ведущего профессора университета финансов и экономики г. Цзянси (JUFE), бывшего комиссионера Комиссии по защите конкуренции Греции, руководителя научного комитета и координатора конференции и летней школы по конкуренции и регулированию CRESSE (cresse.info), классифицирует основные подходы к реформе в терминах изменения субстантивного (материального) стандарта конкурентного законодательства, правового стандарта, перераспределения бремени доказательства в антимонопольных делах, а также в терминах разделения подходов к применению законов ex ante и ex post.

The seminar is devoted to alternative legal ways in enhance competition policy enforcement towards large digital platforms and their ecosystems. Effects-based, or rule of reason competition enforcement that requires case-specific economic analysis shows limited effectiveness due to excessively lengthy decision-making process, which is not always compensated by the decrease of legal errors. The presentation of Professor Y. Katsoulacos (Emeritus Professor, Athens University of Economics and Business, Affiliated Chair Professor, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics (JUFE), former Commissioner of the Hellenic Competition Commission, Chair of Scientific Committee and Coordinator of Competition and Regulation European Summer School and Conference CRESSE www.cresse.info), classifies the main approaches to reform in terms of changing the substantive standard of competition law, the legal standard, reallocation the burden of proof in competition cases, as well as in terms of the choice between ex ante regulation and ex post law enforcement.

рынокрегулированиецифровые платформысубстантивный стандартправовой стандартDigital Market Actmarketregulationdigital platformssubstantial standardlegal standardDigital Market ActReferencesKatsoulacos Y., Ulph D. Choosing legal rules or standards in antitrust enforcement: A proposal for extending and facilitating the use of the decision-theoretic approach // Managerial and Decision Economics. 2023. Vol. 44. No. 4. P. 1876–1894. DOI: 10.1002/mde.3787.Katsoulacos Y., Ulph D. Choosing legal rules or standards in antitrust enforcement: A proposal for extending and facilitating the use of the decision-theoretic approach. Managerial and Decision Economics, 2023, vol.44, no.4, pp.1876-1894. DOI: 10.1002/mde.3787.Katsoulacos Y., Ulph D. Optimal assessment procedures and legal standards in antitrust enforcement // CRESSE. March 2022. URL: https://cresse.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Optimal-Assessment-Procedures-and-LSs-March-2022-for-CRESSE-site.pdf (дата обращения: 26.12.2023).Katsoulacos Y., Ulph D. Optimal assessment procedures and legal standards in antitrust enforcement. CRESSE, March 2022. Available at: https://cresse.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Optimal-Assessment-Procedures-and-LSs-March-2022-for-CRESSE-site.pdf (accessed 26.12.2023).Baker J. B., Farrell J., Gavil A. I., Gaynor M., Kades M., Katz M. L., Kimmelman G., Melamed D., Rose N. L., Salop S. C., Scott Morton F. M., Shapiro C. Joint Response to the House Judiciary Committee on the State of Antitrust Law and Implications for Protecting Competition in Digital Markets // Howard Law Research Paper. April 30, 2020. URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3632532 (дата обращения: 26.12.2023). DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3632532.Baker J. B., Farrell J., Gavil A. I., Gaynor M., Kades M., Katz M. L., Kimmelman G., Melamed D., Rose N. L., Salop S. C., Scott Morton F. M., Shapiro C. Joint Response to the House Judiciary Committee on the State of Antitrust Law and Implications for Protecting Competition in Digital Markets. Howard Law Research Paper, April 30, 2020. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3632532 (accessed 26.12.2023). DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3632532.Easterbrook F. H. Limits of antitrust // Texas Law Review. 1984. Vol. 63. No. 1. P. 1–40.Easterbrook F. H. Limits of antitrust. Texas Law Review, 1984, vol.63, no.1, pp.1-40.Hovenkamp H. Antitrust Error Costs // University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law. 2021. No. 24. P. 293– 349. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3853282.Hovenkamp H. Antitrust Error Costs. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law, 2021, no.24, pp.293-349. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3853282.Gavil A. I., Salop S. C. Probability, Presumptions and Evidentiary Burdens in Antitrust Analysis: Revitalizing the Rule of Reason for Exclusionary Conduct // University of Pennsylvania Law Review. 2020. Article 2218. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3523361.Gavil A. I., Salop S. C. Probability, Presumptions and Evidentiary Burdens in Antitrust Analysis: Revitalizing the Rule of Reason for Exclusionary Conduct. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 2020, article 2218. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3523361.Baker J. B. Taking the Error out of Error Cost Analysis: What’s Wrong with Antitrust’s Right // Antitrust Law Journal. 2015. Vol. 80. No. 1. P. 1–39. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2333736.Baker J. B. Taking the Error out of Error Cost Analysis: What’s Wrong with Antitrust’s Right. Antitrust Law Journal, 2015, vol.80, no.1, pp.1-39. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2333736.Fox E. M. What is Harm to Competition? – Exclusionary Practices and Anticompetitive Effect // Antitrust Law Journal. 2002. No. 70. P. 371–411.Fox E. M. What is Harm to Competition? – Exclusionary Practices and Anticompetitive Effect. Antitrust Law Journal, 2002, no.70, pp.371-411.Caffarra C. Consumer Welfare Is Dead”: What Do We Do Instead? – A Perspective from Europe // ProMarket. April 27, 2023. URL: https://www.promarket.org/2023/04/27/consumer-welfare-is-dead-what-do-we-do-instead-aperspective-from-europe/ (дата обращения: 26.12.2023).Caffarra C. Consumer Welfare Is Dead”: What Do We Do Instead? – A Perspective from Europe. ProMarket, April 27, 2023. Available at: https://www.promarket.org/2023/04/27/consumer-welfare-is-dead-what-do-we-do-instead-aperspective-from-europe/ (accessed 26.12.2023).Salop S. C. The Reasonable Competitive Conduct Standard for Antitrust // Stigler Center Conference. May 16, 2023. P. 1–16. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4419656.Salop S. C. The Reasonable Competitive Conduct Standard for Antitrust. Stigler Center Conference, May 16, 2023, pp.1-16. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4419656.Melamed A. D., Petit N. The misguided assault on the consumer welfare standard in the age of platform markets // Review of Industrial Organization. 2019. No. 54. P. 741–774. DOI: 10.1007/s11151-019-09688-4.Melamed A. D., Petit N. The misguided assault on the consumer welfare standard in the age of platform markets. Review of Industrial Organization, 2019, no.54, pp.741-774. DOI: 10.1007/s11151-019-09688-4.Katsoulacos Y. On the concepts of legal standards and substantive standards (and how the latter influences the choice of the former) // Journal of Antitrust Enforcement. 2019. Vol. 7. No. 3. P. 365–385. DOI: 10.1093/jaenfo/jnz011.Katsoulacos Y. On the concepts of legal standards and substantive standards (and how the latter influences the choice of the former). Journal of Antitrust Enforcement, 2019, vol.7, no.3, pp.365-385. DOI: 10.1093/jaenfo/jnz011.Carrier M. A. The real rule of reason: bridging the disconnect // Brigham Young University Law Review. 1999. No. 4. P. 1265–1365.Carrier M. A. The real rule of reason: bridging the disconnect. Brigham Young University Law Review, 1999, no.4, pp.1265-1365.Carrier M. A. Rule of reason: An empirical update for the 21st century // George Mason Law. Review. 2008. Vol. 16. No. 4. P. 827–837.Carrier M. A. Rule of reason: An empirical update for the 21st century. George Mason Law. Review, 2008, vol.16, no.4, pp.827-837.Schweitzer H. The Art to Make Gatekeeper Positions Contestable and the Challenge to Know What is Fair: A Discussion of the Digital Markets Act Proposal // Forthcoming, ZEuP. 2021. No. 3. P. 1–35.Schweitzer H. The Art to Make Gatekeeper Positions Contestable and the Challenge to Know What is Fair: A Discussion of the Digital Markets Act Proposal. Forthcoming, ZEuP, 2021, no.3, pp.1-35.Witt A. C. The Digital Markets Act: Regulating the Wild West // Common Market Law Review. 2023. Vol. 60. No. 3. P. 625–666. DOI: 10.54648/COLA2023047.Witt A. C. The Digital Markets Act: Regulating the Wild West. Common Market Law Review, 2023, vol.60, no.3, pp.625-666. DOI: 10.54648/COLA2023047.Colangelo G. In Fairness We (Should Not) Trust. The Duplicity of the EU Competition Policy Mantra in Digital Markets. ICLE white paper; forthcoming in The Antitrust Bulletin. February 17, 2023. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4360057.Colangelo G. In Fairness We (Should Not) Trust. The Duplicity of the EU Competition Policy Mantra in Digital Markets. ICLE white paper; forthcoming in The Antitrust Bulletin, February 17, 2023. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4360057.Tirole J., Bisceglia M. Fair gatekeeping in digital ecosystems // Toulouse School of Economics. 2023. Working Paper 1452. URL: https://www.tse-fr.eu/sites/default/files/TSE/documents/doc/wp/2023/wp_tse_1452.pdf (дата обращения: 26.12.2023).Tirole J., Bisceglia M. Fair gatekeeping in digital ecosystems. Toulouse School of Economics, 2023, Working Paper 1452. Available at: https://www.tse-fr.eu/sites/default/files/TSE/documents/doc/wp/2023/wp_tse_1452.pdf (accessed 26.12.2023).Fukuyama F. Liberalism and its Discontents. – Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022. – 192 р.Fukuyama F. Liberalism and its Discontents. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022, 192 р.Cooper J. C., Kovacic W. E. Behavioral economics: implications for regulatory behavior // Journal of Regulatory Economics. 2012. Vol. 41. No. 1. P. 41–58. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1892078.Cooper J. C., Kovacic W. E. Behavioral economics: implications for regulatory behavior. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 2012, vol.41, no.1, pp.41-58. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1892078.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.