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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная конкуренция / Journal of Modern Competition</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Modern Competition</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-7598</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0657</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский университет «Синергия»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37791/2687-0657-2026-20-4-46-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">moco-1259</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Конкурентная политика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Competition policy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ моделей регулирования ценообразования на топливных рынках: уроки для России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Analysis of Pricing Regulation Models in Fuel Markets: Lessons for Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6916-1061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонов</surname><given-names>Иван Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonov</surname><given-names>Ivan S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ileonov1505@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Леонов И.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Леонов И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Leonov I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/1259">https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/1259</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы в России произошло множество изменений в регулировании нефтяной отрасли, включая проведение большого налогового маневра, введение демпферного механизма и квазидирективного контроля над розничными ценами. Эти изменения привели к увеличению нагрузки на федеральный бюджет и повысили неопределенность для хозяйствующих субъектов. Цель исследования состоит в выявлении закономерностей и последствий применения различных моделей регулирования ценообразования на топливных рынках. В рамках исследования был проведен анализ дискретных структурных альтернатив регулирования топливных рынков в 149 странах, на основе чего была произведена классификация и выявлены оптимальные инструменты по совершенствованию российской модели. Выявлено, что прямые формы регулирования ценообразования характерны для развивающихся стран нетто-экспортеров, где они используются в целях увеличения доступности топлива для граждан, но порождают высокие фискальные риски, что также характерно и для российской модели регулирования. Либерализованные модели ценообразования демонстрируют большую эффективность, поскольку повышают адаптивность экономической системы и поддерживают баланс между социальной стабильностью и финансовым положением хозяйствующих субъектов. Переход к более либерализованной модели ценообразования может быть осуществлен через постепенный отказ от демпферного механизма, введение адресных субсидий для потребителей и пересмотр ставок акцизов на топливо в зависимости от цены на нефть и нефтепродукты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, Russia has seen many changes in its fuel market regulations, including the introduction of a large tax maneuver and a damping mechanism, as well as quasi-directive control over retail prices. These changes have placed an increased burden on the federal budget and increased uncertainty for oil companies. The purpose of this study was to identify patterns and consequences of different pricing regulation models in fuel markets to improve the Russian regulatory framework. The study analyzed structural options for regulating fuel markets in 149 countries and classified pricing models. Based on this analysis, optimal tools were identified for improving Russia's current model. It was found that direct forms of price regulation are typical in developing countries, used as a means of maintaining social stability. However, this can lead to fiscal risks for government budgets. The Russian model is not immune to these risks. Comparison with the experience of countries with similar institutional characteristics supports the effectiveness of more liberalized pricing models. These models increase the adaptability of the economic system and maintain a balance between social stability and economic benefits for businesses. The transition to a more liberalized form of pricing regulation can be achieved through a gradual process of removing the damping mechanism. This can be done by introducing targeted subsidies for consumers and revising fuel excise rates based on the oil price.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефтяная отрасль</kwd><kwd>промышленная политика</kwd><kwd>ценообразование на топливо</kwd><kwd>налогообложение нефтяной отрасли</kwd><kwd>демпферный механизм</kwd><kwd>модели регулирования ценообразования</kwd><kwd>субсидии</kwd><kwd>акцизная политика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oil industry</kwd><kwd>industrial policy</kwd><kwd>fuel pricing</kwd><kwd>taxation of the oil industry</kwd><kwd>damping mechanism</kwd><kwd>pricing regulation models</kwd><kwd>subsidies</kwd><kwd>excise policy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимов В. Н. 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