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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная конкуренция / Journal of Modern Competition</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Modern Competition</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-7598</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0657</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский университет «Синергия»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37791/2687-0657-2025-19-6-24-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">moco-1173</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Конкурентная политика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Competition policy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Злоупотребление доминирующим положением платформ за счет данных: опыт зарубежных стран</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Abuse of Dominant Position by Platforms through Data: International Experience</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-2665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гирич</surname><given-names>Мария Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Girich</surname><given-names>Maria G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">girichmari@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-3667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левашенко</surname><given-names>Антонина Давидовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levashenko</surname><given-names>Antonina D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antonina.lev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийская академия внешней торговли Минэкономразвития России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Foreign Trade Academy of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт экономической политики имени Е. Т. Гайдара<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гирич М.Г., Левашенко А.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гирич М.Г., Левашенко А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Girich M.G., Levashenko A.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/1173">https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/1173</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья исследует данные как ключевой источник рыночной власти цифровых платформ и как самостоятельный объект антимонопольного анализа, а также роль данных как фактора формирования доминирующего положения цифровых платформ и их использования в антиконкурентных практиках. На фоне российского Пятого антимонопольного пакета (2023), который учитывает сетевые эффекты, долю сделок и выручку, показано, что контроль над данными в России не выделен в отдельный критерий доминирования, тогда как в ЕС, США и Китае контроль над данными признан ключевым элементом рыночной власти. Теоретическая рамка опирается на концепцию «петель обратной связи данных»: рост пользовательской базы и сбор более полных массивов информации повышают качество сервисов, персонализацию и монетизацию, усиливая сетевые эффекты и барьеры входа. Конкурентная политика в цифровой экономике смещается от контроля цен и объемов к регулированию обращения и доступа к данным. На основе анализа решений антимонопольных органов в статье исследуются количественные и качественные характеристики данных: релевантность, незаменимость, актуальность, возможность обработки и коммерческой монетизации. Отдельное внимание уделено использованию данных в монополистической деятельности, например такие практики, как перекрестное объединение персональных данных для рекламы, использование закрытых коммерческих данных бизнес-пользователей, ограничение доступа к собственным данным и интероперабельности, алгоритмическая и ценовая дискриминация. Сделан вывод, что данные становятся стратегическим ресурсом, определяющим конкурентоспособность и барьеры входа на цифровые рынки, а российскому антимонопольному регулированию требуется адаптация к новым формам рыночной власти, основанным на контроле над информацией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article explores data as a key source of market power for digital platforms and as an independent object of antitrust analysis. It also examines the role of data as a factor in shaping the dominant position of digital platforms and their use in anti-competitive practices. Against the backdrop of Russia’s Fifth Antimonopoly Package in 2023, which takes into account network effects, market share, and revenue, it is shown that control over data is not singled out as a separate criterion for dominance in Russia. In contrast, in the EU, the US, and China, control over data is recognized as a key element of market power. The theoretical framework relies on the concept of "data feedback loops": as the user base grows and more comprehensive data sets are collected, the quality of services, personalization, and monetization improve, thereby strengthening network effects and entry barriers. Competition policy in the digital economy is shifting from controlling prices and output to regulating the circulation of and access to data. Based on the analysis of antitrust authorities’ decisions, the article examines the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of data – such as relevance, irreplaceability, timeliness, processability, and potential for commercial monetization. Special attention is given to the use of data in monopolistic practices, including the cross-merging of personal data for advertising, the use of business users closed commercial data, restrictions on access to one’s own data and interoperability, as well as algorithmic and price discrimination. The article concludes that data have become a strategic resource determining competitiveness and market entry barriers in digital markets. Russian antitrust regulation, therefore, needs to adapt to new forms of market power based on control over information.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>конкуренция</kwd><kwd>данные</kwd><kwd>доминирующее положение</kwd><kwd>платформы</kwd><kwd>злоупотребление</kwd><kwd>монополистическая деятельность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>competition</kwd><kwd>data</kwd><kwd>dominant position</kwd><kwd>platforms</kwd><kwd>abuse</kwd><kwd>monopolistic activity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stucke, M. E., &amp; Ezrachi, A. (2016). Virtual Competition: The Promise and Perils of the Algorithm-Driven Economy. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674973336</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stucke, M. E., &amp; Ezrachi, A. (2016). Virtual Competition: The Promise and Perils of the Algorithm-Driven Economy. 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