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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная конкуренция / Journal of Modern Competition</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Modern Competition</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-7598</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0657</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский университет «Синергия»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37791/2687-0657-2025-19-5-124-137</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">moco-1130</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Вопросы теории</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>The issues of theory</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие моделей конкуренции платформ: достижения и вызовы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Evolution of Platform Competition Models: Achievements and Challenges</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9753-8541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>Афанасий Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>Afanasii M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alekseev.afanasii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеев А.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеев А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseev A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/1130">https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/1130</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуется развитие моделей конкуренции платформ, их теоретические предпосылки, ключевые этапы развития и современные вызовы. Особое внимание уделено историческому анализу: от идей о снижении трансакционных издержек и роли посредников до первых формальных подходов к двухсторонним рынкам. Описаны основные концепции, лежащие в основе теории платформ: прямые и перекрестные сетевые эффекты, асимметрия информации и нелинейное ценообразование. Проанализированы этапы углубления формализации: появление первых моделей ценообразования и мультихоуминга, эмпирические исследования сетевых эффектов на примере печатных справочников и расширение аналитической базы для исследования платформенных рынков. В разделе современных исследований рассмотрены новые модели, учитывающие лояльность пользователей, динамику входа конкурентов и произвольное число платформ. Выявлены ключевые ограничения существующих подходов: универсальные допущения о симметрии агентов и однородности условий, недостаток эмпирической верификации, а также игнорирование отраслевых и национальных особенностей. Указано, что эти ограничения снижают прикладную ценность моделей и могут вести к ошибочным рекомендациям для регуляторов и бизнеса. Обосновывается необходимость перехода от разработки отдельных моделей к созданию модульных конструкторов с расширяемыми компонентами: организация рынка, ценообразование, мультихоуминг и прочие дополнения, отражающие особенности национальных и отраслевых рынков. Предлагается интегрировать эмпирическую верификацию на всех этапах моделирования и активно применять междисциплинарные методы (машинное обучение, статистический анализ, сетевой анализ). Такой подход обеспечит адаптивность моделей к реальным условиям и повысит качество стратегических решений в сфере регулирования и управления цифровыми платформами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the evolution of platform-competition models, their theoretical underpinnings, principal developmental milestones, and contemporary challenges. Special emphasis is placed on the historical progression – from the early ideas of reducing transaction costs and the intermediary role to the first formal approaches to two-sided markets. The core concepts that underpin platform theory are described, including direct and cross-side network effects, information-asymmetry theories, and nonlinear pricing models. Subsequent sections analyze the stages of formalization: the emergence of the first pricing and multi-homing models, empirical studies of network effects in print compendia, and the expansion of the analytical framework for the study of platform markets. In the review of recent research, new models are considered that incorporate user loyalty, the dynamics of entrant competition, and an arbitrary number of platforms. Key limitations of existing approaches are identified: universal assumptions of agent symmetry and environmental homogeneity, insufficient empirical validation, and the neglect of sectoral and national specificities. It is argued that these shortcomings diminish the models’ practical relevance and may lead to misguided recommendations for regulators and industry. The necessity of shifting from the development of standalone models to the creation of modular frameworks with extensible components – market structure, pricing, multi-homing, and other modules reflecting national and sectoral particularities – is substantiated. An integrative approach is proposed, embedding empirical validation at every modelling stage and actively employing interdisciplinary methods (machine learning, statistical analysis, network analysis). Such a methodology would ensure model adaptability to real-world conditions and enhance the quality of strategic decision-making in the regulation and management of digital platforms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономика платформ</kwd><kwd>конкуренция платформ</kwd><kwd>цифровые платформы</kwd><kwd>двухсторонние рынки</kwd><kwd>сетевые эффекты</kwd><kwd>отраслевая экономика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>platform economics</kwd><kwd>platform competition</kwd><kwd>digital platforms</kwd><kwd>two-sided markets</kwd><kwd>network effects</kwd><kwd>industrial organization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альварадо Стрельченко С. Я. Возможности противодействия асимметрии информации в электронной многосторонней торговле: теоретико-игровой подход // Современная конкуренция. 2024. Т. 18. № 3. С. 25–36. 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