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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная конкуренция / Journal of Modern Competition</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Modern Competition</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-7598</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0657</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский университет «Синергия»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37791/2687-0657-2025-19-2-5-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">moco-1027</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Антимонопольное регулирование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Antitrust regulation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Картель под прикрытием: антиконкурентные действия на рынке с разнородными производителями однородного продукта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сartel Undercover: Anticompetitive Actions in the Market with Heterogeneous Producers of a Homogeneous Product</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-069X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаститко</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shastitko</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаститко Андрей Евгеньевич, докт. экон. наук, профессор, директор Центра исследований конкуренции и экономического регулирования; заведующий кафедрой конкурентной и промышленной политики,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey E. Shastitko, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Director of Center for Research in Competition and Economic Regulation Studies; Head of Competitive and Industrial Policy Department,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aes99@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2155-9837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федоров Сергей Игоревич, младший научный сотрудник, Центр исследований конкуренции и экономического регулирования; ассистент, кафедра конкурентной и промышленной политики,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei I. Fedorov, Junior Researcher at Center for Research in Competition and Economic Regulation Studies; Assistant at Competitive and Industrial Policy Department,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedorov-si@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ; Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаститко А.Е., Федоров С.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаститко А.Е., Федоров С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shastitko A.E., Fedorov S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/1027">https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/1027</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена рассмотрению ситуации картельного соглашения между игроками на рынке, прикрываемого целями промышленной политики и поддерживаемого внешнеторговыми ограничениями. Актуальность исследования заключается в том, что функционирование подобных картелей может на протяжении длительного времени оказывать значительное негативное влияние на благосостояние потребителей, при этом находясь под защитой экономических регуляторов. Данная ситуация рассматривается нами на примере европейского рынка необработанного алюминия, где национальные производители получают выгоду от картельной надбавки к цене, возникшей в связи с действием ввозных таможенных пошлин. На основе анализа торговой статистики и экономикоматематического моделирования показаны механизмы возникновения картельной надбавки в подобных ситуациях. Отмечается, что гетерогенность производителей по режимам внешнеторгового регулирования позволяет получить картельную надбавку к цене на внутреннем рынке даже в условиях однородности товара и конкурентных условий ценообразования, обеспеченных функционированием товарной биржи. Регулятор в таком случае выступает фасилитатором картельного соглашения, нивелируя гетерогенность производителей по издержкам селективным применением ввозных таможенных пошлин и де-факто выполняя функции контролера за поддержанием монопольно высокого уровня цен. Само картельное соглашение представлено в виде позиции отраслевой ассоциации, поддерживающей сохранение ввозных таможенных пошлин в условиях дефицитности внутреннего рынка и ограничений на мощность национальных производителей. При этом состоящие в ассоциации потребители необработанного алюминия, являющиеся основными пострадавшими от сохранения ввозных таможенных пошлин, судя по всему, не могут повлиять на позицию ассоциации в связи с особенностями внутренних процессов согласования и принятия решений. Для проверки этой гипотезы потребуются дополнительные данные, а также информация о внутреннем устройстве ассоциации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the situation of a cartel agreement between market participants, disguised by the goals of industrial policy and supported by foreign trade restrictions. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the functioning of such cartels can have a significant negative impact on consumer welfare for relatively long period of time, while being protected by economic regulators. We consider this situation using the example of the European unwrought aluminum market, where national producers benefit from the price overcharge incurred because of import customs duties. Based on the analysis of trade statistics, economic and mathematical modeling, the mechanisms of cartel price overcharges in such situations are shown. It is noted that the heterogeneity of producers in terms of foreign trade regulation regimes makes it possible to obtain a cartel overcharge to the price in the domestic market even in conditions of product uniformity and competitive pricing conditions ensured by the functioning of the commodity exchange. In this case, the regulator acts as a facilitator of the cartel agreement, leveling the heterogeneity of producers in terms of costs by selectively applying import customs duties and de facto acting as a controller for maintaining monopolistically high prices. The cartel agreement itself is presented in the form of the industry association position, which supports the maintenance of import customs duties in conditions of the domestic market shortage and restrictions on the capacity of national producers. At the same time, consumers of raw aluminum who are members of the association, being the main victims of the import customs duties persistence, apparently cannot influence the position of the association due to the specifics of internal coordination and decision-making processes. To test this hypothesis, additional data will be required, as well as information about the internal structure of the association. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>европейский рынок алюминия</kwd><kwd>картель</kwd><kwd>экономическая конкуренция</kwd><kwd>отраслевая ассоциация</kwd><kwd>внешнеторговые ограничения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>European aluminum market</kwd><kwd>cartel</kwd><kwd>economic competition</kwd><kwd>industry association</kwd><kwd>foreign trade restrictions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдашева С. Б., Шаститко А. Е. 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