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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная конкуренция / Journal of Modern Competition</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Modern Competition</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-7598</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-0657</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский университет «Синергия»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37791/2687-0657-2022-16-6-19-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">RTLRGV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">moco-1013</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексное влияние сетевых эффектов, критической массы и стандартизации на конкуренцию на рынке операционных систем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Compound Impact of Network Effects, Critical Mass, and Standartization on Competition in the Operating System Market</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боголюбова</surname><given-names>Виктория Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogolyubova</surname><given-names>Viktoria S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">v.bogolubova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боголюбова В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боголюбова В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogolyubova V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/1013">https://www.moderncompetition.ru/jour/article/view/1013</self-uri><abstract><p>Механизмы конкурентной политики в отдельных секторах экономики успешно срабатывают при условии использования сбалансированных инструментов защиты и сохранения стимулов к введению нового продукта или технологии на рынок. Однако сильные сетевые эффекты обусловливают присутствие небольшого числа производителей или даже единственного игрока, что сдерживает распространение альтернативных продуктов и способствует формированию единой товарной сети. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью анализа состояния конкуренции на рынке программного обеспечения, меняющемся под воздействием сетевых эффектов. Цель данной обзорной статьи состоит в обосновании необходимости комплексного учета влияния сетевых эффектов, критической массы и стандартизации в качестве инструмента оптимизации оценки состояния конкуренции на двустороннем рынке программного обеспечения, в частности на рынке операционных систем. Объектом исследования являются операционные системы, предметом - влияние сетевых эффектов, критической массы и стандартизации на конкурентные процессы на рынке операционных систем. В ходе исследования выполнены следующие задачи: систематизация результатов теоретических исследований и подходов к эконометрическому моделированию сетевых внешних эффектов, выявление особенностей стратегий учета стандартов и установленной базы пользователей и продаж, ввод понятий операционной системы и программного обеспечения, выработка рекомендаций по учету явления сетевых эффектов с акцентом на процесс стандартизации в рамках осуществления конкурентной и промышленной политики. Анализ влияния исследуемых явлений показывает, что введение на законодательном уровне общепринятого определения сетевых эффектов, разграничение прямого и косвенного сетевого эффекта, рассмотрение данного явления в качестве барьера входа на рынок, а также сочетание теории сетевых эффектов с теорией установления стандартов может способствовать снижению вероятности допустить ошибки I и II рода в правоприменительной практике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The competition policy mechanisms in specific sectors of the economy work out, provided that balanced protection tools are used, and incentives are maintained to launch a new product or technology onto the market. However, strong network effects lead to the presence of a small number of manufacturers or even a single player, which hinders the spread of alternative products and contributes to a single product network formation. The relevance of this research is driven by the need to competition analysis in the software market affected by the network effects. The purpose of this review article is to justify the need for a compound impact analysis of network effects, critical mass and standardization as an assessment optimization tool of the competition state in the two- sided software market, specifically in the operating systems markets. The object of the research is an operating system itself, and the subject is the influence of network effects, critical mass and standardization on competitive processes in the operating systems market. The following issues were performed: the results systematization of theoretical studies and approaches to econometric modeling of network externalities, the strategies identification for analysis of standards and installed base of users and sales, introduction of the operating system and software concepts, the development of recommendations for analysis of the phenomenon of network effects with an emphasis on the standardization process in the furtherance of competition and industrial policy. Analysis of the examined phenomena impact shows that the introduction of a generally accepted network effects definition at the legislative level, distinction between the direct and indirect network effects, consideration of this phenomenon as a barrier to entry into the market, and concord of the network effects and standard setting theory can decrease the possibility of type I and II errors in the law enforcement practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сетевые эффекты</kwd><kwd>критическая масса</kwd><kwd>установленная база</kwd><kwd>стандартизация</kwd><kwd>программное обеспечение</kwd><kwd>операционная система</kwd><kwd>ключевая мощность</kwd><kwd>многосторонние рынки</kwd><kwd>платформы</kwd><kwd>доминирующее положение</kwd><kwd>регулирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>network effects</kwd><kwd>critical mass</kwd><kwd>installed base</kwd><kwd>standardization</kwd><kwd>software</kwd><kwd>operating system</kwd><kwd>essential facilities</kwd><kwd>multi-sided markets</kwd><kwd>platforms</kwd><kwd>dominance</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральный закон от 26 июля 2006 г. № 135-ФЗ "О защите конкуренции" (с изм. и доп.) // Гарант. 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